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Vietnam guide
Vietnam Guide
Get most updated information when prepare for your trip to Vietnam
GEOGRAPHY
Vietnam is a long, narrow nation shaped like the letter s. It is in Southeast Asia on the eastern edge of the peninsula known as Indochina. Its neighbors include China to the north and Laos and Cambodia to the west. The South China Sea lies to the east and south. The mountains of the Annam Cordillera rise over most of the western side of Vietnam, while a thousand-mile (1,600-kilometer) coastline dominates the east.
At its narrowest point, Vietnam is only 30 miles (48 kilometers) wide. Two of Vietnam's largest rivers, the Mekong in the south and the Red in the north, end at the South China Sea in huge swampy plains called deltas. These regions are home to most of the country's people and provide fertile ground to grow rice and many other crops.
PEOPLE & CULTURE
Most Vietnamese people live in the countryside, mainly in the river delta regions of the north and south. Recently though, people have begun to move to the main cities of Ho Chi Minh (formerly Saigon) and Hanoi.
The most popular sports in Vietnam include soccer, table tennis, volleyball, and martial arts.
Vietnamese food is a blend of Chinese and Thai styles and features seafood and homegrown fruits and vegetables.
As a communist country, Vietnam has no official religion. But people are free to worship if they want to, and many follow what's called the "Three Teachings" of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.
NATURE
Vietnam's mountainous terrain, forests, wetlands, and long coastline contain many different habitats that support a great variety of wildlife. Some 270 types of mammals, 180 reptiles, 80 amphibians, and 800 bird species reside in Vietnam. Many rare and unusual animals live in Vietnam, including giant catfish, Indochinese tigers, Saola antelopes, and Sumatran rhinos. The government has set up 30 parks and reserves to protect its animals, but their survival is in doubt because much of their habitat has been cleared for lumber or to grow crops. Tropical forests once covered most of Vietnam, but over the past few hundred years, logging has reduced the forest cover to only about 19 percent. The government has launched a replanting program in an attempt to restore these woodlands.
GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY
Vietnam is a socialist state governed by the Communist Party of Vietnam. A president, chosen by the National Assembly, is head of state and commander of the armed forces. An appointed prime minister runs the government. Vietnam's main exports include crude oil, seafood, rice, shoes, wooden products, machinery, electronics, coffee, and clothing. Between 1975 and the late 1980s, Vietnam traded mainly with other communist countries, but since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, it has expanded trade with other nations.
HISTORY
Vietnam's first civilizations arose in the Red River Valley some 5,000 years ago. These northern tribes flourished until 207 B.C., when their region was conquered by a Chinese lord, who established a kingdom called Nam Viet. In 111 B.C., Nam Viet became part of the Chinese empire, which ruled the north until A.D. 939, when a Vietnamese commander named Ngo Quyen organized a revolt that drove the Chinese out. Later dynasties renamed the country Dai Viet and gradually extended their territory south. By the mid-1500s, Dai Viet was divided between rival kingdoms: the Trinh in the north and the Nguyen in the south. In 1802, a Nguyen lord, with the help of the French, defeated the Trinh and renamed the country Vietnam. By 1890, however, France had taken over Vietnam. Japan took control briefly during World War II, and when the war ended with Japan's defeat in 1945, Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Vietnamese Communist Party, declared Vietnam an independent nation. French attempts to retake Vietnam led to war with the communist Vietnamese, called Viet Minh. Fighting ended in 1954 with the partition of the country into communist North and non-communist South Vietnam.In 1957, communist rebels in the south, called Viet Cong, rose up. War between the North and South ensued, and other countries, including the United States, Russia, and China, soon became involved. The fighting lasted until 1975, when the communists overran the south and took its capital, Saigon.
VIETNAMESE CUISINE AMONG WORLD'S BEST
Vietnamese cuisine has been praised by many international chefs and prestigious food magazines in recent years. Vietnam has been named among the top 10 countries in the world with the best food, according to readers of Canadian magazine The Travel. Talking about Vietnamese cuisine, The Travel wrote: "The variety of dishes will surprise and confuse visitors. This country is a great place to start to discover food". The dishes that you must try are pho, spring rolls, bread, chicken rice, bun cha...
TOURISM
Tourism contributes greatly to Vietnam’s economic growth. It was voted as “Asia’s leading destination” by the World Travel Awards (WTA) in 2019. Vietnam offers various kinds of attractions ranging from cultural tourism, sea tourism, natural and ecological tourism as well as sports and recreation tourism. In 2019, Vietnam received more than 18 million foreign visitors, an increase of 16.2 percent from the previous year.
When traveling to Vietnam, the following popular destinations you should list on your must-visit list:
HANOI, the capital city in the northern delta
The capital of Vietnam and the second largest city in the country, Hanoi is the first stop in many people's Vietnam travel itinerary. We're sure there will be arguments that you should get out of the city and visit the countryside, in fact you'll be pleased to take your time to explore the many wonderful things Hanoi has to offer.
The 18 Best Things to do in Hanoi:
1. Visit the Temple of Literature - Read more
2. Pay Your Respects at the Hỏa Lò Prison - Read more
3. Sip a Cocktail at the Metropole Hotel
4. Drink Bia Hoi
5. Check out St. Joseph’s Cathedral - Read more
6. See a Water Puppet Show
7. Stroll Around Hoàn Kiếm Lake
8. Check out the Old Quarter - Read more
9. Wander Along the Train Tracks
10. Visit the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum - Read more
HALONG BAY in north Quang Ninh province
Halong is a stunningly beautiful bay in Northern Vietnam where over 1,600 islands and islets rise up from the turquoise waters of the East Sea. Most Vietnam itineraries include a trip to Halong Bay.
As you cruise through the bay in one of the luxury boats, you’ll pass by countless towering limestone rock formations. The bay was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 and is today one of the most popular tourist destinations in all of Vietnam. - Read more
SAPA in the Northwest region of Vietnam.
Sapa is located in Lao Cai province of Vietnam and is an area that attracts visitors from all over the world. The town is located on the side of one of the many mountains in the massive Hoang Lien Son range. It overlooks the valley below. The valley floor is filled with rice terraces that change from bright green to yellow depending on the time of year you visit. Most people who visit Sapa to be immersed in the stunning landscape often choose to trek, as there are many small roads leading to the hill-tribe villages that lie scattered among the rice terraces and along the valley. Trekking is definitely the best way to explore the Sapa and its surrounding - Read more
NINH BINH in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam
Often referred to as “Halong Bay on Land” due to the lush green rice paddies and towering limestone cliffs, Ninh Binh with Tam Coc and Trang An are areas of Vietnam that are all too often overlooked by travelers. Just an hour and a half south of the bustling city of Hanoi, this is arguably one of the best places to visit in Vietnam.
Trang An and Tam Coc are the perfect places in Ninh Binh to relax and unwind while soaking up the landscape and the culture of Vietnam. It’s the perfect retreats from hectic Hanoi and touristy Halong Bay. In fact, it's highly recommended that you spend at least a couple of days in this beautiful location to your Vietnam itinerary. - Read more
HA GIANG in northern Vietnam is less frequented by tourists, but its popularity is increasing. The province is home to nearly 90% of the population are ethnic minorities with their own culture and lifestyle. Ha Giang is a unique place that has so far not been affected by mass tourism. You will see a lot of wonderful mountain scenery throughout the entire area. The furthest and most beautiful place of Ha Giang province is Dong Van Global Geopark, recognized by UNESCO as one of 77 places with important geo-cultural heritage.
Authenticity, nature, beautiful mountains and no tourist crowds!
Ha Giang is still an authentic part of northern Vietnam, giving you unspoiled nature, mountain scenery and fascinating passes, but also areas like it was about 100 years ago - Read more
HOI AN is one of the best places to visit in Vietnam. The old town was a trading port from the 15th-19th century and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.
Hoi An is the cutest little town in central region that is an absolute must-visit during your trip. Hoi An is famous for its yellow French colonial-style buildings and colorful cloth lanterns that line the streets. Every evening the Old Town is turned into a pedestrian-only zone and the tourists wander the streets, shopping for souvenirs and admiring the vibrant lanterns. - Read more
NHA TRANG in the central coastal province of Khanh Hoa.
Perched on a pristine stretch of the southern coast, Nha Trang is a playground for sun seekers. Days here are spent dining on delicious seafood, snorkeling around stunning islands, and partying on the sand after dark. Nha Trang lays claim to some of the country's finest luxury resorts and thrilling water sports. Despite the development boom, colorful fishing villages and serene riverside restaurants are just a stone's throw away... - Read more
SAIGON (officially “Ho Chi Minh City”) is a bustling metropolitan city in the South of Vietnam. The city has a large international airport. It is often a starting point for exploring other areas of the country. You can easily see the highlights of the city in just one day. No need to spend a lot of time here.
There are a number of tourist attractions in HCMC, including the Reunification Palace and War Remnants Museum, and Notre-Dame Cathedral, but we think the best things to do in Saigon involve coffee, food, beer and shopping! - Read more
VIETNAM'S MEKONG DELTA is an area in Southern Vietnam that covers more than 15,000 square miles. It is where the many rivers that provide ideal farming conditions. Many of the fruits and vegetables sold in markets across Vietnam come from the Mekong Delta.
Travelers love to visit the delta to see the famous floating markets, where locals buy and sell fresh produce. You can also row a boat through the zigzag canals on the river. Most people visit the Mekong Delta for a day trip. However, since this place is not only famous for its floating market, but also an interesting place to learn about local culture and the rustic life of Mekong Delta farmers, you should definitely spend at least a couple of days here! - Read more
PHU QUOC ISLAND, located off the coast of Cambodia, is perhaps most famous for its pristine beaches with white sand, calm seas and warm waters. It is a sunny paradise.
Coming to Vietnam, visitors should not miss Phu Quoc Island - one of the most beautiful islands - and certainly the largest in Vietnam.
It would be great if you could arrange a few days to relax on a sunny white sand beach in the last few days of your Vietnam Discovery Journey. - Read more
Vietnam at Glance
Capital: Hanoi
Time Zone: UTC+07:00
Visa Required: Yes
Currency: Dong (VND)
Tel Code: +84
Population 2022 estimate: 103,808,319
Official Language: Vietnamese
Main Religion: Folk
Largest City: Ho Chi Minh
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